Final Project: Legal Analysis Research Paper Jessica Cowand Southern New Hampshire University POL-328 Professor Kristine Tsahiridis October 20, 2024 The case of Engel v. Vitale (1962) began in New York in 1951 when the New York Board of Regents of the Department of Education in the state of New York proposed that public schools should be authorized, not required, to start the day with a non-denominational prayer (Engel v. Vidal, n.d.). Superintendent William J. Vitale Jr., who oversaw Herricks Union Free School District in 1958 adopted the proposal ( Engel V. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962) , n.d.). Five Harrick’s parents, however, felt that having a prayer was against the Establishment Clause found in the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. In that clause, the First Amendment states, “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof” (The
Censorship has been around for as long as humans have been around, it ebbs and flows in an unrelenting stream throughout time and when used judiciously by trained professionals does serve a useful purpose, offering protection from harmful things to those who either cannot or do not know how to protect themselves. This country is currently experiencing an inordinate amount of censorship in American public libraries. This current flow of censorship has been filled with vitriol, and harassment, in the form of book challenges/book banning, proposals of harsh laws that call for punishing librarians and libraries, and outlawing story hours for preschoolers led by drag queens. The books most likely to be banned are those that are written by or for people of color or people in the LGBTQIA+ community, in other words, the most marginalized members of society among us. The amount of higher education required to obtain a degree in library sciences is considerable. To become a librarian, one m